骨质疏松

Meta-analyses have also suggested the risk of hip fracture may be markedly increased in current smokers.182 In current smokers, the risk of hip fracture is similar in women up to age 50, but then increases with age with a risk ratio of 1.17 at age 60, increasing to 1.71 at age 80. The RR is only modestly adjusted downward when corrected for BMD.